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2008's smartest financial moves

In a year filled with blunders, scandals, billion-dollar losses and market chaos, we think these stars stood out for their brilliance.

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By Catherine Holahan, MSN Money

This is part two of a year-end wrap-up package. To read Part 1, on the year's most boneheaded moves, click here.

Bull markets treat ordinary executives like geniuses. It's the bear markets that separate the merely lucky from the truly extraordinary business leaders. The 2007-08 recession is doing just that: exposing the failings of once-celebrated managers and highlighting the overlooked talents of others.

It would be easy this year to focus exclusively on flagrant management missteps, of which there have been many. But that would forgo an opportunity. Just as we can learn from the sins of others, so, too, can we learn from their virtues.

7 financial virtues

So here is MSN Money's staff-generated list of the best money moves of 2008. We hope it proves that there's more profit in the seven virtues than in the seven deadly sins.

We ask: What was your best money move?

Prudence

John Paulson, the president of Paulson & Co., a hedge fund with more than $35 billion under management

While much of Wall Street was bingeing on the subprime-mortgage Kool-Aid -- and betting home prices would continue to climb -- Paulson was preparing for a housing market collapse. He sold short subprime-mortgage loans and bet against overextended banks.

Paulson is now profiting from his prudence. During what will likely prove to be the hedge fund industry's worst year on record, Paulson's $10 billion Advantage Plus Fund is up 33.52%, according to Reuters. His company's $5 billion Advantage Fund is up 21% for the year.

Those gains come during a year when the industry overall has lost more than 16% of its invested capital, according to Hedge Fund Research, a firm that tracks fund performance.

Fortitude

Alistair Darling, the United Kingdom's chancellor of the Exchequer

We have to hand it to Darling for courage under pressure. After U.S. Treasury Secretary Hank Paulson announced his plan to shore up the financial sector by buying toxic securities, Darling came up with a better idea: to buy stock in troubled banks instead. He had realized that buying securities at panic-driven lows wasn't going to be helpful. When Darling and U.K. Prime Minister Gordon Brown announced their program, financial markets began to stabilize.

Paulson soon opted to follow Darling's lead, injecting funds directly into banks, in return for equity or senior debt. This was not the first instance of waffling on Paulson's part. He saved Bear Stearns from bankruptcy, then let Lehman Bros. (LEHMQ, news, msgs) go under, then rescued American International Group (AIG, news, msgs). Some in Washington believe his inconsistency has been damaging.

Darling, however, is not immune to criticism. Recently he told Parliament that the U.K. recession would end in the second half of 2009, only to be blasted as naive. We won't quibble with Darling's optimism. After all, hope is also a virtue.

Continued from page 1

Charity

James LeVoy Sorenson, the founder of the Sorenson Cos.

Before Sorenson's death Jan. 20, he made sure his legacy of helping save lives would live on. The 86-year-old founder of the Sorenson Cos. -- which was begun as a medical-device developer in the 1960s -- donated $4.5 billion to charity in his will. The amount made him the largest donor this year, according to Philanthropy.com, a site that tracks individual donations.

Sorenson's fortune will be used to fund education in biotech and neuroscience research, arts education, health care facilities and community projects.

To those who knew him, Sorenson's gift was not surprising. A lifelong philanthropist, Sorenson considered giving the "highest and ultimate act of living."

"For me, giving back is critically important," he told a Forbes reporter writing a book on billionaires. "There is no pleasure in a bank account. A bank account is only a vehicle. A person can't live happily without giving."

Sorenson's personal struggles with health and education made those two causes of particular importance to him. Dyslexic as a child, Sorenson was told he was "mentally retarded" and would never be able to read. He went on to attend college, then invented and manufactured many medical devices that have now become commonplace, including the disposable surgical mask and a relatively inexpensive, flexible plastic catheter.

His company has expanded over the years to encompass a variety of businesses, including a gene research firm, a media technology company, real-estate companies and a consulting firm.

Also graced: Bill Gates, a co-founder of Microsoft (MSFT, news, msgs).

Gates withdrew from full-time work at Microsoft, the parent of MSN Money, to concentrate on solving some of the world's most pressing problems.

At the top of Gates' list is poverty. He and his wife now run the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, with $35.1 billion under management. Gates will set the strategy for supporting programs that improve health in the developing world and high school education in some of the nation's poorest districts.

Faith

Warren Buffett, the CEO of Berkshire Hathaway (BRK.A, news, msgs)

It was understandably difficult to have faith in financial institutions this year, with the demise of such storied firms such as Lehman Bros. But Buffett did.

In September, the Oracle of Omaha acquired a $5 billion stake in investment company Goldman Sachs Group (GS, news, msgs). He also bought shares of Wells Fargo (WFC, news, msgs) and Bank of America (BAC, news, msgs). In an opinion piece in The New York Times in October, Buffett encouraged other investors to buy stock in American companies as well.

Continued from page 2

"In the near term, unemployment will rise, business activity will falter and headlines will continue to be scary. So . . . I've been buying American," Buffett wrote. "Over the long term, the stock market news will be good. In the 20th century, the United States endured two world wars and other traumatic and expensive military conflicts; the Depression; a dozen or so recessions and financial panics; oil shocks; a flu epidemic; and the resignation of a disgraced president. Yet the Dow rose from 66 to 11,497."

Buffett is a long-term, value-oriented investor. He's not expecting his positions in financial companies to pay off immediately. And it's by no means certain they will ever pay off. But if anyone knows how to buy low and sell high, it's Buffett.

Justice

The FBI

In this downturn, there are actions that seem criminal, such as paying out large bonuses after receiving billions in taxpayer bailout funds. And there are actions that truly are criminal: misrepresenting mortgage terms and forging property assessments to dupe vulnerable buyers, for example.

The FBI spent this year aggressively cracking down on the latter, delivering some measure of justice to homeowners victimized by trick deals on mortgages. The agency conducted more than 1,500 investigations this year and obtained more than 520 indictments.

Temperance

The Spugen family, the former owner of Peer Bearing

When unemployment is high, companies tend to treat their employees less well, reasoning that the risk of losing people to a competitor is low. But the Spugen family decided to do the opposite.

After selling its ball-bearing company for an undisclosed sum this year, the family doled out $6.6 million of the profits in unexpected "thank you" bonuses.

The family's act wasn't one of pure charity, since the employees' hard work had, arguably, helped the family to sell the business and reap profits over the years. Rather, it was one of temperance. Rather than keep all the profits for themselves, the Spugens showed restraint and shared their earnings with their employees.

Hope

Sir Richard Branson, the founder of the Virgin Group and Virgin Galactic

Branson believes in dreams. Maybe it's because so many have come true for the billionaire businessman who got his start selling mail-order records. This year, Branson's dreams took him to outer space. In January, he pronounced 2008 "The Year of the Spaceship" and unveiled the designs for two spaceships created to take tourists to new heights.

Some may view Branson's timing as a blunder. After all, 2008 will be remembered for a financial Armageddon, not highflying adventure.

But we think it's worth celebrating those who dare to dream and to innovate in down times. Some of the most successful U.S. brands were launched during economic downturns. Electronics company Hewlett-Packard (HPQ, news, msgs) got started during the Great Depression in 1939. Jim Henson founded the company behind the Muppets in 1958, during a sharp recession coupled with an increase in the Consumer Price Index. Google (GOOG, news, msgs) began its first significant expansion in 2001, after the tech bubble burst.

Well done, Sir Richard. When this recession ends, let's celebrate in space.

Published Dec. 18, 2008