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Michael Brush

Company Focus8/28/2009 12:01 AM ET

Wall Street's high-tech war on investors

A PC can be an investor's best tool. But as a vast high-tech arms race unfolds, big brokers and hedge funds are using their computers to take unfair advantage.

By Michael Brush
MSN Money

PCs, broadband Internet connections, online brokerage accounts. These advances brought democracy to Wall Street, leveling the playing field between everyday investors and the insiders, right?

Wrong.

In fact, computers are ruining investing for the average investor.

Sure, your PC lets you see when your stock is moving. But multiply its computing power by thousands, add a throng of software geniuses earning more than $1 million a year and an army of full-time analysts, and you start to understand how the biggest brokerages and hedge funds can stay a few steps ahead of any move you can make.

Yes, you can trade from your cell phone while waiting at a traffic light. But at the big hedge funds, computers execute thousands of trades in milliseconds --and cut into line ahead of buyers like you and me, our mutual funds and our brokers.

All this helps explain why your portfolio was likely hemorrhaging money as stock markets tanked in the first quarter of this year -- yet elite traders at Goldman Sachs (GS, news, msgs) were creating near-record profits.

Tricks of the trading

You won't be surprised that your home computer pales compared to systems honed by the Wall Street elite at places like Goldman Sachs, Citadel Investment Group and Renaissance Technologies. But you might be surprised at what they do with those systems to get an edge over you:

  • Scour the markets for opportunities and make millions of trades in less time than it takes you to hit the "enter" key.

  • Take advantage of exclusive "flash orders" to trade stocks at better prices than you'll ever see.

  • Fish for profitable stock bargains inside exclusive trading venues called "dark pools," where you'll never swim.

The scope of this activity might also surprise you. Over half of all trades are done by Wall Street insiders using quick-fire trading systems; 7% of all trading is done inside secretive dark pools. "The public is getting screwed here," says one hedge fund manager who follows these developments closely.

Even if you're not trying to be an active trader, these high-tech gunslingers impact the stocks you own and the mutual funds in your 401k. And, of course, we all get hurt if their rapid-fire trading systems spark a quick sector or market meltdown -– a real possibility, according to several analysts.

Here's a look at just three of the tech tricks that make life tougher than ever for the average investor.

1. High-frequency trading

In high-frequency trading, or HFT, computers use sophisticated algorithms to hunt down opportunities all but invisible to the average investor. They spot a fleeting price or complex combination of trades, then lock in gains with a series of moves made at a clip that only a high-speed computer could pull off.

The race for speed is incredibly serious. Investment shops like Goldman Sachs compete to place their trading computers as close as physically possible to stock-exchange computers to make trades an instant faster.

Video on MSN Money

The firestorm over flash trading © CNBC
The firestorm over flash trading
Steve Pearlstein of The Washington Post, CNBC's Bob Pisani and Michelle Caruso-Cabrera discuss whether high-frequency trading is bad for the markets.

HFT systems make tiny amounts of money per trade, so they have to do millions of trades to earn big bucks. It can seem like a good thing because HFT theoretically exploits only "inefficiencies" in the market -- and no one likes inefficiencies.

Besides Goldman, Citadel and Renaissance, smaller shops like Getco, Jane Street Capital, Hudson River Trading, Wolverine Trading and Jump Trading also play this game. None of them cater to the average investor. Mutual funds and money managers investing for the long term, on the other hand, don't generally use HFT because they typically have to stay in the market while building -- or moving out of -- positions. HFT trading systems generally unwind positions so they have no market exposure by the end of the day.

Continued: How it hurts the little guy

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MSN Money's editorial goal is to provide a forum for personal finance and investment ideas. Our articles, columns, message board posts and other features should not be construed as investment advice, nor does their appearance imply an endorsement by Microsoft of any specific security or trading strategy. An investor's best course of action must be based on individual circumstances.
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1 - 10 of 182
Thursday, August 27, 2009 11:57:43 PM
Trading faster is not trading better. Why is speed an unfair advantage?  Every trade has to have a buyr and a seller and one of them has to be on the wrong side of the momentum.
Friday, August 28, 2009 12:01:28 AM
"

HFT computers can detect large buy orders for a stock, the kind of buy orders mutual funds make, even when the funds try to disguise them. The HTF system can then purchase that stock before the mutual fund's order is executed. The fund ends up paying more per share, and the HTF traders pocket the difference.

This isn't illegal; it's akin to cutting into a long line at the supermarket. "

 

Oh it is very much illegal. It's called front-running. HTF systems would not be able to detect these trades unless the mutual funds placed the orders with the parent borkerages, which means those brokerages either cannot participate in the trade or have to take the opposite side of the trade.

Friday, August 28, 2009 2:58:27 AM
I bought stocks at BoA and Merril Lynch. Transactions were confirmed and done but customers would not see their clear results and money 3 days later...Is it a trap or tricks?
Friday, August 28, 2009 6:03:48 AM

I fail to understand why the Wall Street traders, HFT or otherwise, get any respect.  They add no more value to society than do the horse players at the track who add to the market efficiency of the parimutuel horse betting market.

 

Every dollar they make trading is a dollar that someone else doesn't make, and they're not adding any capital to the economy - they're taking it out.

 

Would anyone like to take at shot at explaining that?

Friday, August 28, 2009 6:13:57 AM
No mention of after-hours trading?  I do not have the ability to track markets 24 hours a day.  I can set limits in my brokerage account only to wake up to prices that have zoomed above or crashed thru my sale price.   OUCH!   Shouldn't markets be closed for everyone  
Friday, August 28, 2009 6:54:12 AM

Many floor traders and brokers have been fined, reprimanded, prosecuted, imprisoned, and had their licenses removed over the years for engaging in the exact same practices that these HFT schemes are now executing at the speed of light. It’s unconscionable to me that the exchanges and the SEC are allowing it, and in some ways even encouraging it. This is as much of a fundamental violation of fair trading practices as the mortgage market was a fundamental violation of risk management practices.

 

I’ve been a small, long-term retirement investor for 30 years and have never seen anything as disgusting as these HFT practices in the market. I’m now in the process of executing a short-term plan to get my retirement funds out of the financial markets and into other types of investments that are outside the control of Pin-Striped Pirates of Wall Street.

Friday, August 28, 2009 7:00:52 AM

What is described in this article is NOT investing, and if allowed to persist will hasten the downfall of our society.  I made a similar comment about what three of my family members starting doing back in 2003...working a mortgage broker business. Of course, they made literally millions of dollars between them over the next five years, and now 2 of the 3 have lost their homes, and we all know how what they were doing has affected our society.

 

Wall Street in its current form needs to be shut down!

Friday, August 28, 2009 7:12:45 AM

How do they figure that HFT add liquidity?  In the case of front running a big mutual fund order they simply buy shares that are already being offered for sale by owners & resell to the mutual fund at a profit.  That's a middle man collecting a profit on an unneeded service since the mutual fund would be perfectly willing to make the many smaller transactions.

 

The comment "If traders can use technology to figure out when mutual funds bumble into the market with a big order, they deserve to profit from it" is ridiculous.  Whoever said it is scum.  That mutual fund did a ton of research to 'bumble into the market'.  The HFT is simply scanning the market for opportunities to make easy money.  It's immoral which comes as no surprise since it comes from Wall Street but if the current administration truly wants change that we can believe in they will stop this immediately.

Friday, August 28, 2009 7:24:39 AM
Okay, explain just how high frequency and/or flash trading adds liquidity. It seems to me that if the programs break in and buy a stock that has just had an order placed on it in order to profit from the subsequent trade (even if only minutely per trade), it does nothing to add to liquidity, only trade volume. The trade would have been made anyway; they just add another layer and unfairly profit. If it is not already illegal (and likely is) it certainly should be.
#10
Friday, August 28, 2009 7:40:39 AM
I will take a shot at explaining it Ekonoman - it is a scam. Wall Street is a perverse mixture of ponzi scheme and casino. It is a system designed from the very beginning to favor and enrich the insiders. And as you said, all of these high earning traders, analysts, etc. produce absolutely NOTHING. All they do is run a game which helps people with money use their money to make even more money.
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